Schmidt + Haensch | Polarimeters
Polarimetry – optical activities
Classical physics teaches that light consists of electromagnetic waves, which vibrations are transverse
to the direction of propagation. Polarized light is light, which vibration pattern exhibits preference.
If natural light passes through a so called polarizing filter, most of its other vibrating directions will
be filtered out, leaving only one specific direction. If this light is oscillating then in only one direction,
it is called “linearly polarized”.
There is a great number of organic and inorganic substances being optically active in their crystalline,
liquid or dissolved state. That means, these substances are able to rotate the direction of oscillation
of polarized light around a determined angle. The principle of the polarimeter is accomplished if a dissolved
optically active substance is introduced between two polarizing filters, crossed at 90°.
The intensity of the light on the detector behind the second polarizing filter varies as a function of
the angular position of these two filters.
Optical rotation in general means that the polarization of the direction of light will be rotated for a
certain angle when penetrating an optically active substance. A simple polarimeter contains at
least the following parts:
At point zero, polarizer and analyzer are set in an angle of 90° towards each other, which means
that no light reaches the detector (0% transmission). As soon as an optically active substance
is introduced into the sample room, the transmission will be rising in consequence of the plane
of polarization. To measure the angle of the rotation, the analyzer is rotated up to a point where
the transmission of the detector is again at a minimum. Optical rotation is measured in degrees
of angle; this kind of instruments are thus called circle polarimeters.
In order to determine the exact compensation position, SCHMIDT + HAENSCH uses faraday modulation
as an electronic enhancement. Without mechanical transmission by a V-belt or gear being necessary,
we apply a direct coupling of optical encoder and analyzer in all measuring instruments.
That is how a high accuracy throughout the entire measuring range is achieved. Additionally,
these principles guarantee for short measuring times and no mechanic wear. Consequently, highest
sensitivity and fastest compensation time over the entire measuring range is archieved.
The continuous measurement is also allowing monitoring of muto-rotation.
Schmidt & Haensch | Polartronic N Touch
The fully automatic All-rounder amongst Polarimeter with continuous measurement
Polarimeter of the N-Series are high resolution polarimeters with following features:
As the interference filters, which are used in circle polarimeters, suffer from age- and environment depending alteration, it might be necessary to check the wavelength accuracy periodically and to readjust the wavelength in case it’s out of range. This can be done with sucrose solutions or quartz control plates since the optical properties of sucrose solution and quartz are almost identical. Sucrose solutions are not very stable and have to be renewed regularly. Checking a polarimeter by a quartz plate is a much more reliable method.
Quartz control plates are long-term stable examination standards for polarimeter. The sample room of Schmidt & Haensch polarimeter permits the vertical movement of quartz control plates as well as the free rotation (±360°) around their own axis. Only by a rotation it is possible to check if the plates are mounted without strain and permit an examination of the polarimeter according to processing regulations of international standards like ICUMSA and OIML.
In conjunction with the Schmidt & Haensch Software AQUISYS 2008 all requirements of 21 CFR Part 11 will be performed.
Features of Polarimeter N Touch Series:
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Schmidt & Haensch | Polartronic N
Automatic circle polarimeter for standard applications continuously measuring
Fully electronic circle polarimeter with following features:
Checking/Calibration
As the interference filters, which are used in circle polarimeters, suffer from age- and environment depending alteration, it might be necessary to check the wavelength accuracy periodically and to readjust the wavelength in case it’s out of range. This can be done with sucrose solutions or quartz control plates since the optical properties of sucrose solution and quartz are almost identical. Sucrose solutions are not very stable and have to be renewed regularly. Checking a polarimeter by a quartz plate is a much more reliable method.
Quartz control plates are long-term stable examination standards for polarimeter.
The sample room of Schmidt & Haensch polarimeter permits the vertical movement of quartz control plates as well as the free rotation (±360°) around their own axis. Only by a rotation it is possible to check if the plates are mounted without strain and permit an examination of the polarimeter according to processing regulations of international standards like ICUMSA and OIML.
Features of Polarimeter N Series
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Schmidt & Haensch | Polartronic M Touch
The fully automatic All-rounder amongst Polarimeter with continuous measurement
Polarimeter of the M-Series are high resolution polarimeters with following features:
Checking/Calibration
As the interference filters, which are used in circle polarimeters, suffer from age- and environment depending alteration, it might be necessary to check the wavelength accuracy periodically and to readjust the wavelength in case it’s out of range. This can be done with sucrose solutions or quartz control plates since the optical properties of sucrose solution and quartz are almost identical. Sucrose solutions are not very stable and have to be renewed regularly. Checking a polarimeter by a quartz plate is a much more reliable method.
Quartz control plates are long-term stable examination standards for polarimeter. The sample room of Schmidt & Haensch polarimeter permits the vertical movement of quartz control plates as well as the free rotation (±360°) around their own axis. Only by a rotation it is possible to check if the plates are mounted without strain and permit an examination of the polarimeter according to processing regulations of international standards like ICUMSA and OIML.
In conjunction with the Schmidt & Haensch Software AQUISYS 2008 all requirements of 21 CFR Part 11 will be performed.
AQUISYS 2008 software is 21 CFR Part 11 compliant for Schmidt & Haensch’s instruments.
Features of Polartronic M Touch
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Schmidt & Haensch | Polartronic M
Fully automatic circle polarimeter Polartronic M series
The All-rounder amongst Polarimeter with continuous measurement, resolution ±0,001°
Polarimeter of the M series are high resolution polarimeters with following features:
Checking/Calibration
As the interference filters, which are used in circle polarimeters, suffer from age- and environment depending alteration, it might be necessary to check the wavelength accuracy periodically and to read just the wavelength in case it’s out of range. This can be done with sucrose solutions or quartz control plates since the optical properties of sucrose solution and quartz are almost identical. Sucrose solutions are not very stable and have to be renewed regularly. Checking a polarimeter by a quartz plate is a much more reliable method.
Quartz control plates are long-term stable examination standards for polarimeter. The sample room of Schmidt & Haensch polarimeter permits the vertical movement of quartz control plates as well as the free rotation (±360°) around their own axis. Only by a rotation it is possible to check if the plates are mounted without strain and permit an examination of the polarimeter according to processing regulations of international standards like ICUMSA and OIML. In conjunction with the Schmidt & Haensch Software AQUISYS 2008 all requirements of 21 CFR Part 11 will be performed.
AQUISYS 2008 software is 21 CFR Part 11 compliant for Schmidt & Haensch’s instruments.
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Schmidt & Haensch | Polartronic H 532
NEW – High Resolution 0,0001°
The new high resolution polarimeter H532 with up to 5 wavelengths and highest precision
Spectral Multiple Wavelength Polarimeter
Polartronic H532 is housed under the steel housing with large user programmable display
and powerful software similar to the SCHMIDT + HAENSCH refractometer ATR series.
The improved software implements amongst other features the input of sample identification
numbers, statistic evaluations of multiple measurements, user definable printouts individually
configurable for each of the 10 available methods, etc.
Fully electronic high resolution circle polarimeter with the following characteristics:
In conjunction with the SCHMIDT + HAENSCH Software AQUISYS 2008 all requirements of 21 CFR Part 11 will be performed.
AQUISYS 2008 software is 21 CFR Part 11 compliant for Schmidt & Haensch’s instruments.
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Schmidt & Haensch | Saccharomat Touch series
Saccharomat – Worldwide unique quartz-wedge compensated sugar polarimeter
The Saccharomat is a fully automatic working sugar polarimeter.
Quartz has an optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) almost identical to that of a sucrose solution.
This fact is exploited as a unique compensation mechanism using a quartz wedge in Schmidt & Haensch’s Saccharomat.
This working principle is unique and is unrivalled today.
As the quartz and the sample react in an identical way to small shifts of wavelength,
these shifts are being automatically compensated and the effect becomes irrelevant.
This ensures long time stable high precision measuring results without the necessity of recalibration
over the lifetime of the instrument. Highly advantageous is that dark samples with a high absorption
may be measured at NIR wavelength (882 nm) after carefully filtration (see filtration unit “AutoFilt Z”)
without additional clarification being necessary.
For the measurement of Pol and Brix values at the same time, the Saccharomat can be coupled directly
with the refractometer measuring head creating a Purity Analyzer. This solution is very economical
since there is no need for the additional electronic unit of the refractometer.
Software Features
Features of Saccharomat Touch series
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Schmidt & Haensch | Unipol L series
Fully automatic digital polarimeter particularly designed for pharmaceutical and chemical applications.
The entire measuring range of ± 360° is divided in several measuring ranges which can easy be selected by the menu.
The user friendly menu structure of the instrument is easily operated with the splash-proof alphanumerical
keyboard. Software design close to the practice enables the user to input sample ID-numbers, calculate statistical
evaluation and configure user defined printout of the measuring results. The measuring values are shown on the large LCD display.
The standard model is equipped with the 589 nm wavelength. Other wavelengths on request.
Various polarimeter tubes are available for different applications. With the use of micro tubes smallest
sample volumes are sufficient. The polarimeters Unipol L series are equipped with plug in connector for the
temperature sensor of the SCHMIDT + HAENSCH polarimetric tubes. If polarimeter tubes or quartz control plates
with integrated temperature sensor are used the current sample or quartz temperature is indicated at the display.
All models of Unipol L series are available as so-called “P version“ for using polarimeter tubes fitted with Peltier elements.
The resolution and precision of Unipol L 1000 and L 2000 polarimeters are higher than the standard model Unipol L.
They meets all requirement of quality laboratories. Additional features are:
Polarimeter Accessories:
As the interference filters, which are used in circle polarimeters, suffer from age- and environment depending alteration, it might be necessary to check the wavelength accuracy periodically and to readjust the wavelength in case it’s out of range. This can be done with sucrose solutions or quartz control plates since the optical properties of sucrose solution and quartz are almost identical. Sucrose solutions are not very stable and have to be renewed regularly. Checking a polarimeter by a quartz plate is a much more reliable method.
Quartz control plates are long-term stable examination standards for polarimeter.
The sample room of Schmidt & Haensch polarimeter permits the vertical movement of quartz control plates as well as the free rotation (±360°) around their own axis. Only by a rotation it is possible to check if the plates are mounted without strain and permit an examination of the polarimeter according to processing regulations of international standards like ICUMSA and OIML.
In conjunction with the Schmidt & Haensch Software AQUISYS 2008 all requirements of CFR21 Part 11 will be performed. AQUISYS 2008 software is CFR21 Part 11 compliant for Schmidt & Haensch’s instruments.
Polarimetric concentration and purity analysis in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and chemical industry.
Features of Unipol L series
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Schmidt & Haensch | Visual Circle Polarimeter
Small Universal Polarimeter NEW: Long-lasting LED illumination unit The Small Universal Polarimeter is a visual circle polarimeter suitable for school and education. The polarimeter has a circular scale of ±180° angular degrees divided into full degrees. Together with the Vernier scale rotations can be measured to an accuracy of 0.1° and with a little practice they can be estimated to an accuracy of 0.05°. There are three possible lighting units:
A sodium spectral lamp emits light of a defined wavelength (line spectrum). In order to block out undesired side spectral lines, colored glass filter should be used. It also must be inserted into the light admission opening.
Features of Visual Circle Polarimeter
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